Ethereal qualities and sexuality in art Aphrodite pandemos vs. Aphrodite ouraneia

Thesis statement: Despite the fact that Aphrodite as a mythological character comprises both the elements of physical attraction (Aphrodite Pandemos) and ethereal qualities (Aphrodite Ouraneia), which incorporate spiritual and moral qualities, most artists tend to exploit the former image more often in their works, putting the emphasis on Aphrodite’s sexuality, which can be explained not by chauvinist moods, but by the public’s unwillingness to accept another interpretation of a famous character.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ethereal qualities and sexuality in art: Aphrodite pandemos vs. Aphrodite ouraneia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, when considering the majority of artworks devoted to Aphrodite, one will find out that the goddess is rarely portrayed as Aphrodite Ouraneia; her ethereal qualities are only included into most of the artworks at best, completely ignored at worst. One of the most famous artworks, Sandro Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus depicts the beauty of innocence, yet still puts a strong emphasis on the sexuality of the character. It would be wrong, however, to claim that every single artist exploits sexuality of the character in question to the nth degree; one of the chastest artworks devoted to the goddess of beauty and love, Aphrodite of Milos strikes with the lack of sexual connotation of the image. Even though devilments of nudity are obvious, they are not stretched to the nth degree, which allows the audience to view Aphrodite as the symbol of love and beauty. From a certain perspective, Botticelli’s Aphrodite can also be seen as the symbol of love rather than sexuality; the use of pastel palette and the lack of obviously sexualized imagery can be considered as a proof for Botticelli’s intent to depict the innocence of young love, which borders platonic love. The aforementioned artwork, however, is one of the few except ions of the overall sexualized images of Aphrodite in art, not to mention the depictions of the goddess of love in popular culture. Speaking of more recent portrayals of Aphrodite as the representation of desire instead of love and beauty, one must mention such work as Robert Fowler’s Aphrodite. While one would not consider this work shallow, it still tends to capture the elements of Aphrodite Pandemos rather than Aphrodite Ouraneia. There is no denying that each artist tends to create his own Aphrodite in accordance with his/her vision of beauty. However, it seems that in their works, most artists tend to choose the elements that stress the elements, which contribute to sexualizing the character. For instance, most artists choose to â€Å"dress† Aphrodite in the clothes that put the emphasis on her body, tending to depict such materials as silk, which also add to the sexualization of the image. The reasons for the choice of the theme that the manner of depicting Aphro dite is based on a large variety of factors, among which, personal preferences of an artist are obviously a priority; however, most of the existing artworks prefer Aphrodite Pandemos to Aphrodite Ouraneia, which can be explained by stereotypical thinking of an artist, as well as the fact that the public is not ready to accept a sudden change in the traditional depiction of the ancient goddess.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While the reasons for the reluctance to see Aphrodite as the goddess that possesses a certain ethereal qualities can be viewed through the lens of feminism, with the application of gender profiling concept, it still seems that the phenomenon in question can be explained by laziness. While the image of Aphrodite Pandemos seems to have been cemented in the heads of most people, the image of Aphrodite Ouraneia seems to be alien for the greatest part of the population; henc e the need to exploit the former appears. This essay on Ethereal qualities and sexuality in art: Aphrodite pandemos vs. Aphrodite ouraneia was written and submitted by user Mara Madden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Proposition 215 essays

Proposition 215 essays In video 7, Public Opinion and Participation in Democracy, Proposition 215 was one of the public initiative that was lead by a group of patients and people in San Francisco. Californians voiced their honest opinion, voting yes on proposition 215 allows patients to use marijuana for medical use. They became the 215 activist group and worked together to ask the government to pass the proposition 215. The proposition 215 allows doctors to prescribe marijuana to patients with diseases that have severe symptoms. For example, cancer patients that undergo chemo-therapy and suffer from severe nausea and aching can benefit from smoking marijuana. It also improves the appetites of AIDS patients, increasing their weight and chances to live longer. The patients believed that the marijuana also helps MS patients with bladder control and tremors. There are some people who have cancer companions being put in jail because they use marijuana knowing its illegal. There were some people who disagree with proposition 215 because they fear marijuana might bring problems to society by creating anti-social behavior. Todays youth can easily access them anywhere while sick patients cant. The 215 activist groups bought up two legislative bills in 1994 and 1995, however it was rejected by the government. The 215 activist group need more volunteers and more exposure from the media so people can understand why it its necessary to pass proposition 215. According to video 7, the 215 activist group need about 700,000 signatures in order to place proposition 215 on the state ballot. There were wealthy people willing to give money and support to the campaign. The backers paid about  ¾ million dollars to circulators to get all the signatures to put it on the ballot. Then once they collected enough signatures, the activist group will start a political campaign going into the media such as advertising on TV, announcements on ra...

How do infrastructures shape cultures of consumption Discuss with Essay

How do infrastructures shape cultures of consumption Discuss with reference to either waste, transport or energy system - Essay Example The components and theories pertaining to the infrastructure associated with product or service are important factors which affects the culture of consumption. In this essay various aspects which would affect the culture of consumption especially those associated with the infrastructure is being analysed and dealt in detail. The peculiarities in the features along with the theories associated with the infrastructure have substantial impacts on the psychology of consumption. The culture of consumption is largely associated with the infrastructure in connection with the product or service. Understanding the linkage between them is however challenging. This is because the consumption culture is subject to change in accordance to the change in values associated with life and also on the technological requirements of the consumers. It is also important to understand the dynamics of social change in connection with the changes in values of life. The Three Cs including Comfort, Cleanliness and Convenience are the complexes of practice are supposed to be factors which causes change in the theories of consumption. (Elizabeth Shove, 2003). These complexes of practice are hugely associated with the infrastructure. This proves the relation of infrastructure with the culture of consumption. These theories becomes of increased relevance as the consumer society is becoming more and more aware and conscious about these practices. The connection of these factors with the value of their life and its long term effect on the society and the environment is well understood by the consumers these days. In this context, it won’t be wrong to state that the industries of today have to address more responsible consumers. (Elizabeth Shove, 2003). Sustainable resource management is one key factor associated with the infrastructure. The management and linkage of the natural resources associated with

Pipeline Project in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pipeline Project in Canada - Essay Example However, it needs a Presidential Permit as aforementioned. The projects overall positive effects will be considered. The pipeline project is in accordance firstly with the National Environment Policy Act. However an alternate route still needs to be found to avoid the Sand Hills region of Nebraska, which is an environmentally sensitive area (Flynn & Burnett, 2012). About The Project Many republicans, labor groups and industry groups support the pipeline project as they believe that it would bring about the opportunity of thousands of jobs in the US not only during its construction, but after it as well. It would also reduce dependence on oil from abroad since it would lead to the US having access to the largest oil reserve. Since if the project continues, it would bring in 700,000 barrels of oil to US daily which would be less the price and double the amount that it currently imports from Middle East. It is a project that needs to be ready and started and Republicans do not understan d Obama’s move for delaying the project (Belogolova, 2011). The project is also estimated to bring in an increase of $20 million spending in private sector of the economy, and at a point where oil demand is weak and unemployment is rising, it will spur the economy. Also, if this project is approved, it will spur all aspects of the economy, which is becoming weaker and more dependent on imports (Belogolova, 2011). During construction of the pipeline alone, there is estimated to be a $20 billion increase in spending in the economy, and 118,000 jobs are expected to be created as well. 585 million dollars are also expected to be raised for both local and state taxes that are going to be on the route of the pipeline (transcanada). Many labor unions have also signed with TransCanada because of the perceived benefits of the project on jobs, employment and revenue. They have even signed terms of agreement with the company however, due to President Obama’s recall, their jobs ar e not established as of yet. This is also a privately financed project and therefore it will create jobs in manufacturing and construction and doesn’t need a single penny from the government. This effect of increased demand and supply will also have an effect on other factors in the economy as demand for goods and services in other interrelated industries will increase around the area of the pipeline project. This is called the multiplier effect. It has also been established through scrutiny and survey that it would have a limited detrimental impact on the US economy and would rather enhance the security of the economy. America’s workers want to work with this project which is important even for President Obama (Parformak, Service., & al, 2011). The four International Unions are also committed to work on this project as soon as the President gives the green light. Canada is a new player in the world energy market with the newly discovered oil sands. The current pipelin e is finding it difficult to keep up with the new discoveries and bulk of oil. Also Canada and U.S are strong trading partners; however Canada is in strong demand now due to this new discovery of oil sands and if US keeps delaying the construction of this pipeline project, Canada will give in to the oil hungry world that seems to show more interest. And these energy sources are a stable energy source and therefor US should realize this and agree soon. This can also break the OPEC hold and if Obama

Economic and political problem affecting counties at the present time Essay

Economic and political problem affecting counties at the present time - Essay Example They are unsure about the political instability which exists at the present. They believe that if the government steps down; their money would be lost so a complete lack of investor confidence exists within the people, which is unfortunate to state the least. The problem has existed because the government is not bringing in any efforts and endeavors to stop these issues as such. People have generally felt bad regarding the indifferent attitude of the government which pays no emphasis on the subject at hand. Rather it gives more benefits to the people who are associated with the political regimes because it wants to enhance its political prowess all this while. There is a dire need to understand how these benefits could be transferred to the economic angles so that more success could be envisaged in the coming times. The manner in which the economic implications come about is something that must be understood within the proper scheme of things. Situation The situation on ground within the country is that the already existent investors are trying their best to pull off their amounts but the restrictions imposed by the government forbid them from doing so. The potential ones are just not entering the country for one reason or the other. Also the political situation of the country is such that the investors have swayed away from the country’s economic zones.

Protein Concentration in Food: Changes over Time

Protein Concentration in Food: Changes over Time Sou, Oi Ying   Food processing practical report Ultra filtration UF Experimental data Medium inlet pressure(bar) exit pressure(bar) Average pressure(bar) Pressure Difference(bar) Temperature Retentate flow rate(Ls-1) Flux rate(Ls-1) A. Flux rate with water Cold water 3 1 2 2 18.7 0.053 12.8 4 2 3 2 19.7 0.053 20.3 5 3 4 2 20.5 0.0605 29.3 6 4 5 2 21.4 0.053 37.6 7 5 6 2 22 0.0605 46 4 3 3.5 1 22.6 0.0189 22.6 4.5 2.5 3.5 2 23.5 0.0151 30 5 2 3.5 3 24 0.098 27.3 5.5 1.5 3.5 4 24.6 0.1286 26.6 6 1 3.5 5 25 0.1428 27 Discussion During ultrafiltration, molecules in solution are separated based on size using membranes (filters) of different pore sizes. Also, the feed stream is continuously re-circulated across the membranes with the primary objective of removing excess water and buffer from the feed stream. The simplest ultrafiltration setup consists of a vessel to hold the retentate and a pump to recirculate the product over the membranes. According to the experimental results, temperature increased when average pressure and pressure different are increasing. About retentate flow rate, it only affected by increasing the pressure different but not average pressure. Also, flux rate of cold water only affected by increasing average pressure while it seems remain constant by increasing pressure different. Ultrafiltration of skim milk Because rejection = , Cf is the concentration of any component in the feed and Cp is the concentration of that component in the permeate. So, the result is in below table.       Concentration of skim milk time(min) pressure(bar) temp(oC) permeate flux rate(Ls-1) Retentate solids% Retentate protein % Retentate lactose % 0 6,2 42 10 0.5 3.38 4.67 15 6,2 38.6 8.666666667 4 4.02 4.66 30 6,2 36.1 7 4.5 5.04 4.76 45 6,2 37.8 6.666666667 5 6.5 4.87 60 6,2 41.7 6 5 8.6 4.82 75 6,2 45.2 5.333333333 5.5 11.4 4.8 Calculation: 4   (initial factor for protein) Use this information to show protein concentration changes with time and how the flux rate change with protein concentration, and explain any other findings. With respect to flux behaviour, the retentate and permeate fluxes decrease over time at different operating pressures during filtration. The filter medium resistance increases linearly with the filtration time at different operating pressures during concentration. Therefore, the permeation flux rate of skim milk will decrease with times. The major problem in membrane separation process is decline in flux over time of operation. This flux decline is attributed to the fouling (In this case, retentate solids and protein accumulated) through ultrafiltration of membrane. Membrane fouling is affected by three major factors, namely, the membrane material properties, the feed characteristics and the operating parameters (Platt Nystrà ¶m, 2007). Since we have known that retentate and permeate fluxes decline during concentration of milk was measured with time of process, the possible reason has been suggested. In early staged of milk ultrafiltration, the characteristics of proteinaceous foulants and flux, and adsorption fouling is probably the primary mechanism of flux decline. Reverse Osmosis RO experimental data Medium Pressure (bar) Temp(oC) return flow(Ls-1) Flux rate(Ls-1) Feed conductivity(uS) Permeate conductivity(uS) Cold water 10 17.7 0.312 0.012666667 920 44 20 19.1 0.028666667 958 29 30 20.3 0.075384615 999 19 40 21.7 0.072 1041 13 50 22.7 0.224 0.065333333 915 9 Estimate the power consumption for the highest pressure 1. Because pressure head = , g = 9.81m/s2, p1 = 0 and = 1ÃÆ'-103kg/m3 So, power = mass flow rate ÃÆ'- pressure head ÃÆ'- g = mass flow rate ÃÆ'- ÃÆ'- g = mass flow rate ÃÆ'- Because 1bar = 14.7psi = 105N/m-2 So the lowest power = 10bar = 10ÃÆ'-105N/m-2 = 1ÃÆ'-106N/m2, the highest power = 50 bar = 50ÃÆ'-105N/m-2 = 5ÃÆ'-106N/m2 P10 = mass flow rate ÃÆ'- =   = 312W P50 = mass flow rate ÃÆ'- = = 1120W Because rejection = , Cf is the concentration of any component in the feed and Cp is the concentration of that component in the permeate. So, the result is in below table.       Juice Pressure(bar) Temp.(oC) Flux rate(Ls-1) Retentate solids(%) Permeate solids(%) 10 15.7 0.017333333 5 0 20 18.7 0.016666667 5 0 30 20.1 0.110666667 5 0 40 21 0.116666667 5 0 50 22.6 0.278571429 5 0 0 min 50 26 0.257142857 5 0 5 50 26.2 0.03 13 0 10 50 23.6 0.02 15 0 15 50 23.2 0.013333333 22 0 20 50 25.7 0.014 21 0 25 50 29.7 0.009333333 26 0 30 50 33.3 0.005 30 0 35 50 36.4 0.002166667 22 0 Plot 1: flux rate curve of water and juice with pressure The flux of a RO membrane is directly proportional to temperature and pressure. According to the diagram, the flux rate pf water and juice are increasing because of the risen of pressure. In addition, the flux rate of water should be higher than the flux rate of juice at the same pressure condition because of the viscosity. However, it is not an experiment in ideal condition. In these two trial, the temperature of two sets of experiments are slightly different which might affect the result and difficult to compare. Plot2: Temperature of juice and cold water against pressure Is there any change of temperature during this procedure? If so, why? The effect of temperature on membrane performance is the vital indicator. Energy consumption is increased as the applied pressure increases (Elimelech, M., Phillip, W. A, 2011). Under the same pressure, temperature of juice and cold water are both increasing with the risen pressure, therefore, we can state that pressure increased, temperature increased at the same time. It is because the energy for processing juice have been dissipated. How do the permeate flux rate and retentate solids change with time? Plot 3: flux rate curve of juice with time Plot4: Retentate solids of juice against time Base on the result, the osmotic pressure of a solution is related to the concentration of the solute and temperature. They are in proportional relationship. The flux rate of juice decreases with increasing retentate solid concentration. However, the acidic properties of juice might lower the rate of process. Because it would cause the membrane imperfections. From some studies, it revealed that higher the number and concentration of low molecular weight water soluble components in the raw juice, higher processing loss in reverse osmosis (Jiao, B., Cassano, A., Drioli, E., 2004). Permeate flux is a function of feed concentration. Feed concentration differs with membrane and permeate flux is a function of feed concentration. As feed concentration increases, permeate flux decreases and vice versa (Jayaraman, K. S., Das Gupta, D. K., 1992). Given by graph, the flux rate of juice is almost approach zero after 35mins. It is because the concentration of retentate solids have been accumulated by time. The reason is that the increase of retentate solids (foulants), which accumulated on the membrane would stop the process until it cleans. Plot 5: Temp of juice against time The average processing capacity can be increased by temperature rise of feeding material. Relationship of soluble solids and sugar was slightly increased. At higher temperature, the membrane permeability coefficient is higher, the diffusivity coefficient in the solution increases and the viscosity coefficient decreases. The average processing capacity can be increased with the increased temperature of feeding material. The relationship between soluble solids and sugar increased slightly under higher temperature condition. At higher temperatures, the membrane permeability coefficient is higher, the diffusion coefficient in the solution increases and the viscosity coefficient decreases (Ghosh, A. K., Jeong, B. H., Huang, X., Hoek, E. M., 2008). Therefore, in our experiment, the temperature of juice is increasing by times. Use the sugar concentration data to estimate the rejection for sugar and compare this to the ideal situation In ideal condition, the speed of permeation of solvent depends upon the pressure applied, provide that the concentration of the solute constant and thus the osmotic pressure of the solution remains constant. For an ideal situation, the flux is linear to the pressure of feed. Also, requirements of ideal membrane are as follows: (i). The highest possible water permeability (ii). Greatest possible selectivity (iii). High pressure resistibility (iv). Reasonably long life when using in production (Martin, M., Eon, C., Guiochon, G, 1975) However, in our experiment, that is not in an ideal condition. The concentration of retentate solids are increasing and the membrane blocked to stop the process after 40 mins. Therefore, the rejection for sugar would happen when the foulants are on the membrane and not allow the juice pass through anymore. In this case, it happened at 40 minutes in the process. The flux rate is almost dropped to 0%. In normal industry, there are cleaning process to ensure the whole process are keep running and would not be stopped. References:         Ã‚   Bahnasawy, A. H., Shenana, M. E. (2010). Flux behavior and energy consumption of ultrafiltration (UF) process of milk. Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 1(2), 54. Younos, T., Tulou, K. E. (2005). Energy needs, consumption and sources.  Journal of Contemporary Water Research Education,  132(1), 27-38. Jimenez-Flores, R., Kosikowski, F. V. (1986). Properties of ultrafiltered skim milk retentate powders.  Journal of Dairy Science,  69(2), 329-339.1 Jiao, B., Cassano, A., Drioli, E. (2004). Recent advances on membrane processes for the concentration of fruit juices: a review. Journal of food engineering, 63(3), 303-324.Al-Mutaz, I. S., Al-Ghunaimi, M. A. (2001, October). Performance of reverse osmosis units at high temperatures. IDA. Jayaraman, K. S., Das Gupta, D. K. (1992). Dehydration of fruits and vegetables-recent developments in principles and techniques. Drying Technology, 10(1), 1-50. Ghosh, A. K., Jeong, B. H., Huang, X., Hoek, E. M. (2008). Impacts of reaction and curing conditions on polyamide composite reverse osmosis membrane properties. Journal of Membrane Science, 311(1), 34-45 Elimelech, M., Phillip, W. A. (2011). The future of seawater desalination: energy, technology, and the environment. science, 333(6043), 712-717. Martin, M., Eon, C., Guiochon, G. (1975). Study of the pertinency of pressure in liquid chromatography III. A practical method for choosing the experimental conditions in liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 110(2), 213-232. Contamination Level of Mold: Entero Bacteriaceae Family Contamination Level of Mold: Entero Bacteriaceae Family Chapter III   METHODOLOGY 3.1. Introduction The research methodology used a qualitative approach. The study has been conducted in November 2016 in Bandung city. The survey, observe and microbiology contaminant sampling was collected from food vendors premises as the study population. The study design used to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and contamination level of mold also Entero Bacteriaceae family. In addition, socio-demographic questions and others premise information that can be predicted factors for understanding the relationship between food vendors characters.   Furthermore, support from the local government as a regulatory role on food street activities was investigated to identify and to understand how to enhance better implementation in food hygiene. 3.2 Methodology Design and Study Instrument 3.2.1 Methodology design The data survey presented the understanding, behavior, and implementation of hygiene practice by food vendor premises. The aspects were all assessed as follow: Knowledge; an assessment of hygiene practice knowledge was carried out using an interview survey. Attitude; Likert 5 points agree-disagree questions were asked for measuring the food handlers attitude. Practice; an observational study of food hygiene was used in the assessment. This audit used the score for measuring of its implementation. Microbiological contaminations sampling; an investigate study of cleanliness of cooking utensil. The presence of an implementation of regulatory aspects of street foods. The social demographic questions and food premises information were also surveyed to explore the characteristics of respondents. 3.2.2 Study Instrument In this present study, we used a constructed questionnaire based on the references. This questionnaire consist of (1) General questions regards to social demographic characteristics, (2) Food premises information (3) Knowledge, Attitude, Practice questions (4) The presence of an implementation of regulatory aspects. Socio-demographic questionnaire as a complementary questionnaire consists of factors predicted that influence on respondents (food street vendors) knowledge, behavior and practice on food safety and hygiene which are constructed based on literature such as age, sex, marital status, education level, number of employment, employee type (self employer/ employee), how long they have been a seller and also their profit per day. Food premises information showed the premises condition and type of food that sale, food preparation, food packaging material, type of facilities (i.e stall, mobile street vendors, tend, stand, or handed), and also hour length of sale. The knowledge questionnaire, consists of 10 questions containing multiple choices questions, was giving to respondent for reviewing their awareness on food hygiene. The questions concerning knowledge about food hygiene from storage, cleanness, preparation and personal hygiene linked to transmission of microorganisms, and respondents were asked to choose one answer from among three options. The questions of attitude consist of 10 questions. The answer options for these question used Likert scales ranging from 1 (very disagree) to 5 (very agree) to show a subjective response on their agreement on food hygiene implementation. The scores for attitude were similar with the range from 1-5, the higher score represents better manner on food hygiene. The scores for practice on food hygiene were calculated from 50 questions based on an audit that observed on premises. The appearance of reducing cross contamination on food handlers/vendors was noted e.g. personal hygiene, food storage, pest control and utensil/ equipment. The source of water supply was investigated also the ice (whether commercially bought or self-made). The presence of food exterior facilities and sanitary utilities was determined e.g. availability of toilets, adequate washing facilities, sink, surface, waste, and food packaging. The availability of cool storage/refrigeration storage was also checked. For microbial contaminant testing, VBRG dip slide type was used to determine whether there is evidence of entero bactericeae and mold in the food street premises e.g. cutting board, utensil, plate, glass and other food equipment. 3.3 DataCollection An interview survey was carried out in one sub-district in Bandung city in November 2016. The minimum number of food street vendors was randomly selected as much as the result from prior validation questionnaire tests. The validation of questionnaire process has been conducted in July 2016 in Bandung city for improving the questionnaire and determining the appropriate sampling size also an area which should be chosen. The sample size minimum required for the study are calculated based on as the result of the prior validation study. Based on the level of significant of 5% with a confidence interval of 95%, 253 premises/ respondents are needed for this study. In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 272 respondents from one sub-district. Face to face interview was conducted in November 2016 by using Bahasa/Indonesian language and common Sundanese language as an ethnic language in the study area. All study instruments were in Bahasa/ Indonesia version and interview were taken on their premises. The study was supported by assistant researchers, as interviewers, who had food science background and understood both languages. The interviewer had been trained with regard to study such as food safety in a brief view, how to conduct the survey, interview method, study instrument, and ethical requirement including informed consent. The interviews were set in respondents premises to easier for answering the questions and to observe their practice on food hygiene. Informed consent form was read out by the interviewer. The interview taken as well as the respondents   were agreed to participate, questions were read out   by interviewers, and interviewers also marked the answer on the questionnaires instruments. The interviewe rs also acted as an auditor for observing the hygiene practice on their premises and recorded into practice audit sheet. Sampling for determining microbial contamination used a dip slide that consists two agar sides, the first side the red side was used to confirm the presence of Entero Bacteriaceae family and the second side that flaxen color for mold. The sampling procedures were: Remove the dip-slide from the tube by pulling the plastic tab at the top of the dip-slide. Take care not to allow the dip-slide agar (the jelly type substance on each side) to hit the edge of the clear plastic tube. Place dip slide agar down onto the surface, and make sure the entire agar has full contact with the surface.   Keep the agar applied to the surface for approximately 20 seconds, then turn over to the other side and apply the other agar to the surface. Replace the dip-slide into the sterile plastic tube taking care not to damage the agar. Next, place the dip-slide tube into a dip slide incubator at 37 0C or warm place. The incubation period is 2- 3 days for bacteria. The optimum temperature for most mold/yeast is from 27 0C to 30 0C and the incubation time is 2 7 days. After 3 days, generally, both of results were read and recorded. Bacteria present in the sample liquid will grow and form colonies. The selective agar for Entero Bacteriaceae colonies will appear in red. A bacterial reference chart is used to determine the number of bacteria in the sample. The bacteria reference level has five charts that showed how many colony-forming-unit( CFU)/cm2 e.g. 2.5 (very slight growth), 12 (slight growth), 40 (moderate growth), 100(heavy growth) and 250 (very heavy growth). While the evidence of mold form appears in the furry colony. The chart of mold consists of slight (0.4), moderate (1.6) and heavy (4). 3.4 Statistical analysis Food safety knowledge scores for the respondents were, calculated based on the multiple choice answer from   each question, only for the items of correct answers was assigned a score: +1 and 0 in the case of dont know/wrong option. For ten attitude questions were calculated from the Likert scale point 1-5, for question number 2, 6 and 9, the reversible point was used to calculate the point because it was a negative question. The answers were classified as +1 point when the auditor/interview found out the correct evidence on respondents premises and 0 points when they failed to find it. However, not available marked for a respondent who did not have the correlation item with the type of food. The total percent score for the respondents attitude was then calculated by sum up all score in total. Statistical analysis of the association between Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire answers, social demographic characteristics and food information also microbial contamination level were carried out to determine the relationship between them and explore the pattern. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Based on the level of significant of 5% with a confidence interval of 95%, all analyses were considered statistically significant at P ≠¤ 0.05. The descriptive analysis, Fishers χ square test, was performed to describe socio-demographics characteristics of the respondents. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test was used for comparing mean scores between all factors and observing the relationships between KAP and predicted factors that may influence on KAP. Furthermore, to investigate whether this relationship systematically varied by specific socio-demographic characteristics for Independent variables included age, gender, and education level, and work experience, type of job which was full time or part time and having attended courses on food hygiene were conducted. Ethicalconsiderationreview This study has approved by Ethics Committee of the University of Birmingham, School of Chemistry Engineering, United Kingdom. The identity of respondents will be treated securely and the outcome only will be used for academic purpose. The researcher and university supervisor will keep all data collection with confidential care. Chapter IV RESULT 4.1 Sociodemographic We obtained 272 responses from one area, 269 participants have completed the questions (response rate= 98.89%). Distribution of some socio-demographics characteristics respondents described in Table 1. Variable category Number % Gender Male 205 76.21 Female 64 23.79 Age group (years) Teen(15-24) 42 15.61 Young people (25-40) 102 37.92 Mature (41-60) 119 44.24 Elderly (> 60) 6 2.23 Marital Status Married 216 80.30 Unmarried 53 19.70 Education Level No Schooling 5 1.86 Elementary school 71 26.39 Junior High School 99 36.80 High school 78 29.00 Diploma 10 3.72 Graduate 6 2.23 Profit per day (IDR) < 50 K 17 6.32 50   100 K 131 48.70 101   200 K 64 23.79 201 300 K 26 9.67 301 400 K 9 3.35 > 401 K 22 8.18 Eat your own product Never 13 4.83 Rarely (1 4 times a month) 68 25.28 Sometimes (1-4 times a week) 75 27.88 Often (> 4 times a week) 35 13.01 Very often (every day) 78 29.00 Job type Part time 5 1.86 Full time 264 98.14 4.2 Food premises information

Who are the Real Parents? Essay -- science

Who are the Real Parents? Are parents those who give birth to a child or those who care for a child? Does nature or nurture make a woman a mother? As more and more heartbreaking tugs-of-war between biological and adoptive parents surface, anyone searching for a baby has good reason for concern (Casey 119). Baby Jessica was raised from infancy by adoptive parents, Jan and Roberta DeBoer. For two and a half years Jessica was at the heart of one of the most bitter custody battles in America, caught between the parents in Michigan who reared her and the parents in Iowa who gave birth to her and wanted her back (Ingrassia and Springen 60). Cara and Dan Schmidt took screaming baby Jessica from her home in 1993 when they won their court battle to get her back (Casey 119). Baby Jessica is just one of the many victims of child custody battles in America. Jane and John Doe adopted a baby boy, Richard in March of 1991. Richard’s biological mother, Daniela Kirchner, gave up her son while her boyfriend, Otakar, was out of the country visiting his family. He had left Daniela just two weeks before Richard’s birth. Daniela had heard rumors that Otakar had been cheating on her with another woman, in Czechoslovakia, so she decided to lie to him about their baby, Richard. She told Otakar that Richard had died just four days after his birth. In May of 1991 Otakar returned to Chicago and the couple reconciled. Daniela told him about the adoption of their son and how she lied to him about his death. Eighty days after Richard’s birth, Otakar challenged the adoption. He claimed that he had no knowledge of his son until his return to the US and now he wanted his son back desperately (Ingrassia and McCormick 44). The Does met in seventh grade in a suburban Chicago school but didn’t start dating until they were in their early twenties. Married in 1979, Jane, a paralegal, and John and a son. They say that they had not sought to adopt another child but were â€Å"bowled over† by that first call about Richard. Never did they expect that legal briefs and litigation would dominate their lives for the next three years (Alexander 40). After three and a half years of court battle, baby Richard was torn away from his adoptive parents where he had lived since he was four days old and returned to his biological father, who had never seen him before (Terry A1). W... ...sey, Kathryn. â€Å"The Case of Baby Lenore 25 Years Later.† Ladies Home Journal. August 1995: 116-9. Diamant, Anita. â€Å"Is It Safe to Adopt A Child?† McCalls (Jan 1994): 96-99. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL: S.I.R.S., Inc., 1994. Art. 22. Hegger, Susan. â€Å"The Trials of Childhood.† St. Louis Post-Dispatch. (Aug 1993): 1B. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL: S.I.R.S., Inc., 1993. Art. 17. Ingrassia, Michelle and John McCormick. â€Å"Ordered to Surrender† Newsweek. (Feb 1995):44-45. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL: S.I.R.S., Inc., 1995. Art. 41. Ingrassia, Michelle and Karen Springen. â€Å"She’s Not Baby Jessica Anymore.† Newsweek. 21 March 1994: 60-3. McCarty, Kevin. â€Å"Adoption Exchange Association: Statement on the Uniform Adoption Act.† [http://www.webcom.com/kmc/adoption/law/uaa/aca.html]. January 1997. Terry, Don. â€Å"Storm Rages in Chicago Over Revoked Adoption.† New York Times. 15 July 1994: A1:A12. Yack, Wendy and Susan Littwin. â€Å"They Took Away My Baby.† McCalls. (Jan 1994): 96-99. Rpt. in Family. Vol. 5. Ed. Eleanor Goldstein. Boca Raton, FL: S.I.R.S., Inc., 1994. Art. 22.

Plot vs Character in Tragedy Essay

Q. PLOT Vs CHARACTER In Tragedy In his immortal creation Poetics Aristotle mentions six formative elements of tragedy — ‘Plot’, ‘Character’, ‘Thought’, ‘Diction’, ‘Spectacle’ and ‘Song’. And among them ‘plot’ gets the prior attention and importance. Aristotle claims ‘plot’ to be the soul of tragedy. In his view character as secondary to the plot. He in his book Poetics opines â€Å"Plot is the fundamental thing, the soul of tragedy, whereas character is secondary.† [Chap—7]. It is only in the context of describing ideal plot that Aristotle refers to character. Aristotle categorically states that there can be a tragedy without character, but there can never be a tragedy without plot. According to Aristotle, there are two kinds of plot—simple plot and complex plot. In simple plot we find only ‘peripeteia’ or the reversal of situation, and complex plot shows both ‘peripeteia’ and ‘Anagnorisis’ or the sudden discovery. Besides these main two,’ plot’ can be based on scenes of sufferings. An ideal plot is one which arouses pity and terror and brings about the outlet of emotions. But the suffering of all characters cannot arouse pity and terror. If the tragic hero is a thoroughly bad man, his sufferings will not arouse the desired tragic emotions. And if the tragic hero is a thoroughly good man, his sufferings will shock us. So the arousal of pity and terror demands the description of a person who is neither very good nor very bad. The ideal character should be a person of intermediate sort. Thus, character is subordinated to plot. Tragedy depicts actions, and not character; it is the plot which reveals the character. In the classical tragedies of Greece emphasis is certainly laid on plot. Sophocles’ King Oedipus, Aeschylus’s Agamemnon or Euripides’s Medea is really plot-oriented. But in modern or social tragedies, character is closely assimilated with the circumstances of life—with different social forces. Bradley’s definition of tragedy as a tale of exceptional calamity of a person who falls from prosperity to misery shifts our attention to character. Synge’s Riders to the sea or Ibsen’s A Doll’s House exhibits the greater prominence of characters. To sum up the above discussion we can accept the fact that a proper blending between ‘plot’ and ‘character’ is the sole requisite of a good tragedy. And a successful tragedy writer knows how to provide the  readers or the audience with the blend of these two and make them mutually contributory to each other.

Musicals essays

Musicals essays Originally a distraction from the horrors of war during the 1940s and 1950s, the American Musical grew in popularity throughout the 20th century. The musical combines acting, dancing, and singing to form cohesive pictures that are still treasured today. The musical requires a collaborative effort between all elements of the film, whether musical or not. The lyrics, music, and dance have to collate with the plot, effects, and characterization to make a movie worth watching. Stars of the American Musical must be able to act, sing, and often dance, in order to get a part in a movie. Musicals must always appeal to a range of people, from a 5-year-old to an 85-year-old, to guarantee viewers. The musical always has catchy upbeat songs or slow ballads that the listener can sing along to, which provides more mass appeal. Some of the more common themes in musical theater include nostalgia, the Cinderella story, realism, and adaptations of literature. The nostalgia theme is seen in Oklahoma!, Carousel, and Showboat. The Cinderella story is represented by The King and I, The Sound of Music, and My Fair Lady. Realism can be seen in Annie Get Your Gun, The Unsinkable Molly Brown, and Newsies, which were all based on actual events from the past. Some musicals that are based on literature include The Phantom of the Opera, Jesus Christ Superstar, Jekyll The American Musical has gone through many changes since becoming a popular film genre. Early musicals were American versions of the English Operetta, such as The Student Prince. After this, genuine American Musicals were made, such as Annie Get Your Gun and Porgy and Bess. Then came realistic musicals such as South Pacific and Camelot, which were musicals with themes that most people could relate to because they were more believable, or actually true stories. Soon, even newer approaches to the American Musical were developed ...

Causes of Technological and Economic Growth by Ester Boserup in Population and Technology and by Lewis Mumford in The Myth of Machine Technics and Human Development

Causes of Technological and Economic Growth by Ester Boserup in Population and Technology and by Lewis Mumford in The Myth of Machine Technics and Human Development Historical differences in technological change by Ester Boserup Beserup suggests a theory that population density was one of the most influential, if not the most, factors in technological progress. In this respect, civilizations that had increased population density in terms of people in a definite area were doomed to experience technological changes. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of Technological and Economic Growth by Ester Boserup in Population and Technology and by Lewis Mumford in The Myth of Machine: Technics and Human Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some technological inventions, even being useful and quite applicable, can remain unrealised until the conditions change in terms of population density, food scarcity, and food supply. In this respect, knowledge can remain unimplemented for a long period of time. The author claims that the period and timeframe necessary for realisation of s ome knowledge and its application in life can be predicted with the help of analysis of population density, population growth, and the growth rate. In other words, the historical differences in the speed of technological change can be explained in terms of the interrelations between population needs, demographic situation, and realisation of knowledge. I think that her explanation is rather convincing because there should be some impulse in society or science to promote and encourage the practical realisation of knowledge and its introduction for the purpose of overcoming some problems faced by society. Analysis of technological change by Lewis Mumford Lewis Mumford analyses technology as a scope of machines aimed at promotion of capitalism in human society. Also, this author called religious aspects and warfare strong elements that contributed greatly to the technological change. Besides, Mumford saw ‘technics’, as he called technology, in combination with religious a nd social values as a one whole or ‘organic mechanism’. In this respect, Mumford analysed technological progress as the one related to capitalism and social factors: technological changes can restrict people to power or increase potential and exist as a ‘machine’ in combination with social factors. Differences and similarities The concept of ‘technics’ by Mumford and ‘technology’ by Boserup Boserup’s concept of ‘technology’ includes development of agriculture as she analyses the methods of people in overcoming famine and other stresses related to food scarcity, growth of population, or decrease of resources. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, Ester Boserup suggests agriculture and techniques used for intensification of crop growth, development of crop resistance methods, and other tools th at can be used to fight the problems related to food scarcity and population growth. Though Mumford claimed about the use of technology as he called it ‘technics’, he realised the threat of technological progress to the progress of social and religious sectors. Approaches to technological change Boserup approaches technological change as means to find an appropriate application of knowledge and overcome famine or other difficulties encountered by population because of increase in population density, decrease in resources, and other factors related to environment, land, and demographic situation. On the other hand, Mumford approaches technological change as the one that can make the human life more convenient or more restricted. Explanation of ‘Promethean impulse’ Mumford explains the ‘Promethean impulse’ as a shift from the technology as a tool to narrow and restrict human life to power to personal use of technological progress products and me thods. For Boserup, an impulse included appropriate conditions in society and environment so that certain knowledge, that could be potentially used to overcome certain difficulty, was realised. Reference List Boserup, Ester, 1981. Population and technology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Mumford, Lewis, 1967. The myth of the machine: Technics and human development. San Diego, California: Harcourt, Brace World.

Management of International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Management of International Business - Essay Example This report will analyse the PEST analysis of the country to describe the external condition which can affect the business of the particular company. The report includes the SWOT analysis of the company to enter in the new market. It is a popular tool for analysis of strategic position of a company and business environment. The main reason for conducting SWOT analysis is to identify the strategies that can be aligned with company’s strengths in the environment where it will operate. Through SWOT Analysis company can evaluate its weaknesses and negative factors which can affect its success. It reveals the opportunities and threats from external business environments and accordingly helps to create strategy to tackle them. This report will provide information on the approach of Corporate Social Responsibility of the prospective company. Finally this report will evaluate the possible entry strategy of the company by utilising certain useful methods. The country which is being sel ected for this report is India. The reason for choosing India is that it has one of the rich cultural legacies in Asian Region. During past 63 years after independence India has shown good economic progress. At present India has become one of the top industrialised countries internationally (NIC, 2005). Indian Economy is the fourth biggest economy according to PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) which is extremely important for a company to operate their business. India has become one of the ‘most attractive destinations’ for foreign companies and FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) because it possess enormous manpower base, strong macro economic condition, and diversified natural resources. Since the year 1991, India have been maintaining good investor pleasant environment by its existing liberalised policy structure (INDIA.GOV.IN, n.d.). India maintains law and regulation which is indispensable part of successful business. India ensures that all companies are performing as per legal framework of the country. The company which is chosen for this report is Apple Inc which comes under computer hardware, software & consumer electronics industry. There are two major reasons for choosing Apple Inc. The first reason is that it’s headquarter is situated in the US and it is a foreign multinational enterprise. Also it is one of the biggest technological companies in the world (Newton, 2011). And the second reason is the fact that Electronics and IT industry is one of the fastest developing industries in India. The Host Country India has been chosen in this report because it has long tradition in technology. It has shown great achievement in technological segment since last few decades. India is capable of meeting national needs, and it has developed as minimum dependence on other nations for satisfying the needs. India is up to date with nearly all modern and advance technology and can absorb readily new technologies for future development (NIC, 2005). Along with liberalisation in foreign investment and export–

The Changing Role of Trade Union Movement in UK over Ten Years Essay

The Changing Role of Trade Union Movement in UK over Ten Years - Essay Example Since their formation, trade unions have largely been concerned with the issues of workers, and the primary aim of these trade unions has been to advocate for better working conditions of workers. UNITE is one of the biggest trade unions of the 21st century and at the moment, the trade union enjoy a huge membership of about 1.5 million individuals. The union was formed after a merger of two big trade unions in UK and Ireland known as T&G and Amicus. Some of the primary objectives leading to the formation of the trade union were to address the issues facing its members in the 21st century in the most appropriate ways. The trade union has come out as the appropriate voice of reason in championing the needs of employees while spreading its services and membership rights to all people with no particular formal organisations. The trade union has continuously advanced for the issues of its members tireless and has tried to remain equal in its advancement initiatives where it prides in seeing the interests of its members addressed more appropriately. UNITE has not just confined itself in UK, but it has been active in global issues and today, the organisation has established global links with other trade unions in other countries and the primary goal of these partnerships is to see that, trade unions in contemporary world confront and address challenges of global world and economy in the most effective and benefiting manner. (UNITE, N.d). Therefore, the subsequent sections will look at the experiences and challenges of UNITE trade union and how the union has been to respond to them and how in the next ten years the trade union will be able to address the varied issues continuing to face the modern world. UNITE Trade Union: Challenges facing the Union When trade unions are formed, the basic objective is to defend and advocate for the rights of workers, and have a long history (Leverhulme Trust, 2002). In other words, the history of trade unions in UK is characterised by increased efforts aimed at bringing the issues of workers to l imelight where employers and government to address. At the moment, many employees in Britain are categorized as paid workers, and a large portion of them are members of trade unions while others remain unorganised in formal trade unions. However, in recent times, evidences are rife concerning the setbacks of trade unions and challenges they continue to face. Moreover, despite these, it has to be known that trade unions in the country remain the largest voluntary body in society, and their influence in improving the working conditions of workers cannot be underestimated. In this way, unions can be said to be particularly important in the welfare of employees in the country, and their role is still significant. UNITE trade union was formed after T& GWU and AMICUS resolved to dissolved their constituency unions and merger for the benefits of their members. As a result, UNITE was formed in 2007 and at the moment, the union is the largest union in the United Kingdom and republic of Irela nd (UNITE, 2008). The union has about 2 million members drawn from diverse sectors and professions. For instance, majority of the union members come from industries such as the; transport, public services, manufacturing, finance,